Spot is a C++11 library for ω-automata manipulation and model checking. This release contains 713 patches contribued over the last 18 months by Thibaud Michaud, Étienne Renault, Alexandre Lewkowicz, and myself. As the name suggests, this release reflects a huge progress towards Spot 2.0, but we are not quite there yet: the only thing you should not consider as stable in this release is the C++ API, as it should change a lot as we march towards version 2.0. This release also comes with a new web site at https://spot.lrde.epita.fr/ and Debian packages. See https://spot.lrde.epita.fr/install.html for installation instructions, or grab the source tarball directly at https://www.lrde.epita.fr/dload/spot/spot-1.99.1.tar.gz New in spot 1.99.1 (2015-06-23) * Major changes motivating the jump in version number - Spot now works with automata that can represent more than generalized Büchi acceptance. Older versions were built around the concept of TGBA (Transition-based Generalized Büchi Automata) while this version now deals with what we call TωA (Transition-based ω-Automata). TωA support arbitrary acceptance conditions specified as a Boolean formula of transition sets that must be visited infinitely often or finitely often. This genericity allows for instance to represent Rabin or Streett automata, as well as some generalized variants of those. - Spot has near complete support for the Hanoi Omega Automata format. http://adl.github.io/hoaf/ This formats supports automata with the generic acceptance condition described above, and has been implemented in a number of third-party tools (see http://adl.github.io/hoaf/support.html) to ease their interactions. The only part of the format not yet implemented in Spot is the support for alternating automata. - Spot is now compiling in C++11 mode. The set of C++11 features we use requires GCC >= 4.8 or Clang >= 3.5. Although GCC 4.8 is more than 2-year old, people with older installations won't be able to install this version of Spot. - As a consequence of the switches to C++11 and to TωA, a lot of the existing C++ interfaces have been renamed, and sometime reworked. This makes this version of Spot not backward compatible with Spot 1.2.x. See below for the most important API changes. Furtheremore, the reason this release is not called Spot 2.0 is that we have more of those changes planned. - Support for Python 2 was dropped. We now support only Python 3.2 or later. The Python bindings have been improved a lot, and include some convenience functions for better integration with IPython's rich display system. User familiar with IPython's notebook should have a look at the notebook files in wrap/python/tests/*.ipynb * Major news for the command-line tools - The set of tools installed by spot now consists in the following 11 commands. Those marked with a '+' are new in this release. - randltl Generate random LTL/PSL formulas. - ltlfilt Filter and convert LTL/PSL formulas. - genltl Generate LTL formulas from scalable patterns. - ltl2tgba Translate LTL/PSL formulas into Büchi automata. - ltl2tgta Translate LTL/PSL formulas into Testing automata. - ltlcross Cross-compare LTL/PSL-to-Büchi translators. + ltlgrind Mutate LTL/PSL formula. - dstar2tgba Convert deterministic Rabin or Streett automata into Büchi. + randaut Generate random automata. + autfilt Filter and convert automata. + ltldo Run LTL/PSL formulas through other tools. randaut does not need any presentation: it does what you expect. ltlgrind is a new tool that mutates LTL or PSL formulas. If you have a tool that is bogus on some formula that is too large to debug, you can use ltlgrind to generate smaller derived formulas and see if you can reproduce the bug on those. autfilt is a new tool that processes a stream of automata. It allows format conversion, filtering automata based on some properties, and general transformations (e.g., change of acceptance conditions, removal of useless states, product between automata, etc.). ltldo is a new tool that runs LTL/PSL formulas through other tools, but uses Spot's command-line interfaces for specifying input and output. This makes it easier to use third-party tool in a pipe, and it also takes care of some necessary format conversion. - ltl2tgba has a new option, -U, to produce unambiguous automata. In unambiguous automata any word is recognized by at most one accepting run, but there might be several ways to reject a word. This works for LTL and PSL formulas. - ltl2tgba has a new option, -S, to produce generalized-Büchi automata with state-based acceptance. Those are obtained by converting some transition-based GBA into a state-based GBA, so they are usually not as small as one would wish. The same option -S is also supported by autfilt. - ltlcross will work with translator producing automata with any acceptance condition, provided the output is in the HOA format. So it can effectively be used to validate tools producing Rabin or Streett automata. - ltlcross has several new options: --grind attempts to reduce the size of any bogus formula it discovers, while still exhibiting the bug. --ignore-execution-failures ignores cases where a translator exits with a non-zero status. --automata save the produced automata into the CSV or JSON file. Those automata are saved using the HOA format. ltlcross will also output two extra columns in its CSV/JSON output: "ambiguous_aut" and "complete_aut" are Boolean that respectively tells whether the automaton is ambiguous and complete. - "ltlfilt --stutter-invariant" will now work with PSL formulas. The implementation is actually much more efficient than our previous implementation that was only for LTL. - ltlfilt's old -q/--quiet option has been renamed to --ignore-errors. The new -q/--quiet semantic is the same as in grep (and also autfilt): disable all normal input, for situtations where only the exit status matters. - ltlfilt's old -n/--negate option can only be used as --negate now. The short '-n NUM' option is now the same as the new --max-count=N option, for consistency with other tools. - ltlfilt has a new --count option to count the number of matching automata. - ltlfilt has a new --exclusive-ap option to constrain formulas based on a list of mutually exclusive atomic propositions. - ltlfilt has a new option --define to be used in conjunction with --relabel or --relabel-bool to print the mapping between old and new labels. - all tools that produce formulas or automata now have an --output (a.k.a. -o) option to redirect that output to a file instead of standard output. The name of this file can be constructed using the same %-escape sequences that are available for --stats or --format. - all tools that output formulas have a -0 option to separate formulas with \0. This helps in conjunction with xargs -0. - all tools that output automata have a --check option that request extra checks to be performed on the output to fill in properties values for the HOA format. This options implies -H for HOA output. For instance ltl2tgba -H 'formula' will declare the output automaton as 'stutter-invariant' only if the formula is syntactically stutter-invariant (e.g., in LTL\X). With ltl2tgba --check 'formula' additional checks will be performed, and the automaton will be accurately marked as either 'stutter-invariant' or 'stutter-sensitive'. Another check performed by --check is testing whether the automaton is unambiguous. - ltlcross (and ltldo) have a list of hard-coded shorthands for some existing tools. So for instance running 'ltlcross spin ...' is the same as running 'ltlcross "spin -f %s>%N" ...'. This feature is much more useful for ltldo. - For options that take an output filename (i.e., ltlcross's --save-bogus, --grind, --csv, --json) you can force the file to be opened in append mode (instead of being truncated) by by prefixing the filename with ">>". For instance --save-bogus=">>bugs.ltl" will append to the end of the file. * Other noteworthy news - The web site moved to http://spot.lrde.epita.fr/. - We now have Debian packages. See http://spot.lrde.epita.fr/install.html - The documentation now includes some simple code examples for both Python and C++. (This is still a work in progress.) - The curstomized version of BuDDy (libbdd) used by Spot has be renamed as (libbddx) to avoid issues with copies of BuDDy already installed on the system. - There is a parser for the HOA format (http://adl.github.io/hoaf/) available as a spot::automaton_stream_parser object or spot::parse_aut() function. The former version is able to parse a stream of automata in order to do batch processing. This format can be output by all tools (since Spot 1.2.5) using the --hoa option, and it can be read by autfilt (by default) and ltlcross (using the %H specifier). The current implementation does not support alternation. Multiple initial states are converted into an extra initial state; complemented acceptance sets Inf(!x) are converted to Inf(x); explicit or implicit labels can be used; aliases are supported; "--ABORT--" can be used in a stream. - The above HOA parser can also parse never claims, and LBTT automata, so the never claim parser and the LBTT parser have been removed. This implies that autfilt can input a mix of HOA, never claims, and LBTT automata. ltlcross also use the same parser for all these output, and the old %T and %N specifiers have been deprecated and replaced by %O (for output). - While not all algorithms in the library are able to work with any acceptance condition supported by the HOA format, the following two new functions mitigate that: - remove_fin() takes a TωA whose accepting condition uses Fin(x) primitive, and produces an equivalent TωA without Fin(x): i.e., the output acceptance is a disjunction of generalized Büchi acceptance. This type of acceptance is supported by SCC-based emptiness-check, for instance. - similarly, to_tgba() converts any TωA into an automaton with generalized-Büchi acceptance. - randomize() is a new algorithm that randomly reorders the states and transitions of an automaton. It can be used from the command-line using "autfilt --randomize". - the interface in iface/dve2 has been renamed to iface/ltsmin because it can now interface the dynamic libraries created either by Divine (as patched by the LTSmin group) or by Spins (the LTSmin compiler for Promela). - LTL/PSL formulas can include /* comments */. - PSL SEREs support a new operator [:*i..j], the iterated fusion. [:*i..j] is to the fusion operator ':' what [*i..j] is to the concatenation operator ';'. For instance (a*;b)[:*3] is the same as (a*;b):(a*;b):(a*;b). The operator [:+], is syntactic sugar for [:*1..], and corresponds to the operator ⊕ introduced by Dax et al. (ATVA'09). - GraphViz output now uses an horizontal layout by default, and also use circular states (unless the automaton has more than 100 states, or uses named-states). The --dot option of the various command-line tools takes an optional parameter to fine-tune the GraphViz output (including vertical layout, forced circular or elliptic states, named automata, SCC information, ordered transitions, and different ways to colorize the acceptance sets). The environment variables SPOT_DOTDEFAULT and SPOT_DOTEXTRA can also be used to respectively provide a default argument to --dot, and add extra attributes to the output graph. - Never claims can now be output in the style used by Spin since version 6.2.4 (i.e., using do..od instead of if..fi, and with atomic statements for terminal acceptance). The default output is still the old one for compatibility with existing tools. The new style can be requested from command-line tools using option --spin=6 (or -s6 for short). - Support for building unambiguous automata. ltl_to_tgba() has a new options to produce unambiguous TGBA (used by ltl2tgba -U as discussed above). The function is_unambiguous() will check whether an automaton is unambigous, and this is used by autfilt --is-unmabiguous. - The SAT-based minimization algorithm for deterministic automata has been updated to work with ω-Automaton with any acceptance. The input and the output acceptance can be different, so for instance it is possible to create a minimal deterministic Streett automaton starting from a deterministic Rabin automaton. This functionnality is available via autfilt's --sat-minimize option. See doc/userdoc/satmin.html for details. - The on-line interface at http://spot.lrde.epita.fr/trans.html can be used to check stutter-invariance of any LTL/PSL formula. - The on-line interface will work around atomic propositions not supported by ltl3ba. (E.g. you can now translate F(A) or G("foo < bar").) * Noteworthy code changes - Boost is not used anymore. - Automata are now manipulated exclusively via shared pointers. - Most of what was called tgba_something is now called twa_something, unless it is really meant to work only for TGBA. This includes functions, classes, file, and directory names. For instance the class tgba originally defined in tgba/tgba.hh, has been replaced by the class twa defined in twa/twa.hh. - the tgba_explicit class has been completely replaced by a more efficient twa_graph class. Many of the algorithms that were written against the abstract tgba (now twa) interface have been rewritten using twa_graph instances as input and output, making the code a lot simpler. - The tgba_succ_iterator (now twa_succ_iterator) interface has changed. Methods next(), and first() should now return a bool indicating whether the current iteration is valid. - The twa base class has a new method, release_iter(), that can be called to give a used iterator back to its automaton. This iterator is then stored in a protected member, iter_cache_, and all implementations of succ_iter() can be updated to recycle iter_cache_ (if available) instead of allocating a new iterator. - The tgba (now called twa) base class has a new method, succ(), to support C++11' range-based for loop, and hide all the above change. Instead of the following syntax: tgba_succ_iterator* i = aut->succ_iter(s); for (i->first(); !i->done(); i->next()) { // use i->current_state() // i->current_condition() // i->current_acceptance_conditions() } delete i; We now prefer: for (auto i: aut->succ(s)) { // use i->current_state() // i->current_condition() // i->current_acceptance_conditions() } And the above syntax is really just syntactic suggar for twa_succ_iterator* i = aut->succ_iter(s); if (i->first()) do { // use i->current_state() // i->current_condition() // i->current_acceptance_conditions() } while (i->next()); aut->release_iter(i); // allow the automaton to recycle the iterator Where the virtual calls to done() and delete have been avoided. - twa::succ_iter() now takes only one argument. The optional global_state and global_automaton arguments have been removed. - The following methods have been removed from the TGBA interface and all their subclasses: - tgba::support_variables() - tgba::compute_support_variables() - tgba::all_acceptance_conditions() // use acc().accepting(...) - tgba::neg_acceptance_conditions() - tgba::number_of_acceptance_conditions() // use acc().num_sets() - Membership to acceptance sets are now stored using bit sets, currently limited to 32 bits. Each TωA has a acc() method that returns a reference to an acceptance object (of type spot::acc_cond), able to operate on acceptance marks (spot::acc_cond::mark_t). Instead of writing code like i->current_acceptance_conditions() == aut->all_acceptance_conditions() we now write aut->acc().accepting(i->current_acceptance_conditions()) (Note that for accepting(x) to return something meaningful, x should be a set of acceptance sets visitied infinitely often. So let's imagine that in the above example i is looking at a self-loop.) Similarly, aut->number_of_acceptance_conditions() is now aut->acc().num_sets() - All functions used for printing LTL/PSL formulas or automata have been renamed to print_something(). Likewise the various parsers should be called parse_something() (they haven't yet all been renamed). - All test suites under src/ have been merged into a single one in src/tests/. The testing tool that was called src/tgbatest/ltl2tgba has been renamed as src/tests/ikwiad (short for "I Know What I Am Doing") so that users should be less tempted to use it instead of src/bin/ltl2tgba. * Removed features - The long unused interface to GreatSPN (or rather, interface to a non-public, customized version of GreatSPN) has been removed. As a consequence, we could get rid of many cruft in the implementation of Couvreur's FM'99 emptiness check. - Support for symbolic, BDD-encoded TGBAs has been removed. This includes the tgba_bdd_concrete class and associated supporting classes, as well as the ltl_to_tgba_lacim() LTL translation algorithm. Historically, this TGBA implementation and LTL translation were the first to be implemented in Spot (by mistake!) and this resulted in many bad design decisions. In practice they were of no use as we only work with explicit automata (i.e. not symbolic) in Spot, and those produced by these techniques are simply too big. - All support for ELTL, i.e., LTL logic extended with operators represented by automata has been removed. It was never used in practice because it had no practical user interface, and the translation was a purely-based BDD encoding producing huge automata (when viewed explictely), using the above and non longuer supported tgba_bdd_concrete class. - Our implementation of the Kupferman-Vardi complementation has been removed: it was unused in practice beause of the size of the automata built, and it did not survive the conversion of acceptance sets from BDDs to bitsets. - The unused implementation of state-based alternating Büchi automata has been removed. - Input and output in the old, Spot-specific, text format for TGBA, has been fully removed. We now use HOA everywhere. (In case you have a file in this format, install Spot 1.2.6 and use "src/tgbatest/ltl2tgba -H -X file" to convert the file to HOA.) -- Alexandre Duret-Lutz