- Annonce

Soutenance de thèse Yizi CHEN 22 Mars 2023 à l'IGN
by Yizi Chen 13 Mar '23

13 Mar '23

Dear LRE lab members: I am pleased to invite you to attend my Ph.D. defense on 22 March. The defense will start at 2:00 PM and be held at IGN (room BAT A 1er étage pièce 182 François ARAGO, 73 Av. de Paris, 94160 Saint-Mandé). For security reasons, please register using the following form if you plan to attend my defense: [ https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdDNayv13-XdRFy1LP3uX-yeHK4OJekByU… | https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1IDVQmlM4lLPFLH7EwHZxn_fxygvqCxRCPKMgJhHYTQ… ] The title and abstract of the Ph.D. dissertation are available below: Thesis title: Modern vectorization and alignment of historical maps: An application to Paris Atlas (1789-1950) Abstract: Maps have been a unique source of knowledge for centuries. Such historical documents provide invaluable information for analyzing complex spatial transformations over important time frames. This is particularly true for urban areas that encompass multiple interleaved research domains: humanities, social sciences, etc. The large amount and significant diversity of map sources call for automatic image processing techniques in order to extract the relevant objects as vector features. The complexity of maps (text, noise, digitization artifacts, etc.) has hindered the capacity of proposing versatile and efficient raster-to-vector approaches for decades. In this thesis, we propose a learnable, reproducible, and reusable solution for the automatic transformation of raster maps into vector objects (building blocks, streets, rivers), focusing on the extraction of closed shapes. Our approach is built upon the complementary strengths of convolutional neural networks which excel at filtering edges while presenting poor topological properties for their outputs, and mathematical morphology, which offers solid guarantees regarding closed shape extraction while being very sensitive to noise. In order to improve the robustness of deep edge filters to noise, we review several and propose new topology-preserving loss functions which enable to improve of the topological properties of the results. We also introduce a new contrast convolution (CConv) layer to investigate how architectural changes can impact such properties. Finally, we investigate the different approaches which can be used to implement each stage, and how to combine them in the most efficient way. Thanks to a shape extraction pipeline, we propose a new alignment procedure for historical map images, and start to leverage the redundancies contained in map sheets with similar contents to propagate annotations, improve vectorization quality, and eventually detect evolution patterns for later analysis or to automatically assess vectorization quality. To evaluate the performance of all methods mentioned above, we released a new dataset of annotated historical map images. It is the first public and open dataset targeting the task of historical map vectorization. We hope that thanks to our publications, public and open releases of datasets, codes, and results, our work will benefit a wide range of historical map-related applications. Thanks in advance! Yizi Chen

1 0

[CfPart] 16th European Lisp Symposium, April 24-25, Amsterdam
by Didier Verna 09 Mar '23

09 Mar '23

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 16th European Lisp Symposium In-Cooperation-With: ACM SIGLAN Call for Participation April 24-25, 2023 Startup Village, Amsterdam, Nederlands https://www.european-lisp-symposium.org/2023 Sponsored by EPITA, DIRO, MLPrograms, Franz Inc., and SISCOG ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Recent News ~~~~~~~~~~~ Registrations are now open (early bird deadline: April 9) Keynote speakers announced (see below) Important Dates ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - Author notification: March 26, 2023 - Final papers due: April 9, 2023 - Early registration deadline: April 9, 2023 - Symposium: April 24-25, 2023 Scope ~~~~~ The European Lisp Symposium is a premier forum for the discussion and dissemination of all aspects of design, implementation, and application of any of the Lisp dialects, including Common Lisp, Scheme, Emacs Lisp, Clojure, Racket, ACL2, AutoLisp, ISLISP, Dylan, SKILL, Hy, Shen, Carp, Janet, uLisp, Picolisp, Gamelisp, TXR, and so on. We encourage everyone interested in Lisp to participate. The European Lisp Symposium invites high quality papers about novel research results, insights and lessons learned from practical applications, and educational perspectives. We also encourage submissions about known ideas as long as they are presented in a new setting and/or in a highly elegant way. Topics include but are not limited to: - context-, aspect-, domain-oriented and generative programming - macro-, reflective-, meta- and/or rule-based development approaches - language design and implementation - language integration, inter-operation, and deployment - development methodologies, support, and environments - educational approaches and perspectives - experience reports and case studies Keynotes ~~~~~~~~ ##### Artificial Intelligence: a Problem of Plumbing? -- Gerald J. Sussman, MIT CSAIL, USA We have made amazing progress in the construction and deployment of systems that do work originally thought to require human-like intelligence. On the symbolic side we have world-champion Chess-playing and Go-playing systems. We have deductive systems and algebraic manipulation systems that exceed the capabilities of human mathematicians. We are now observing the rise of connectionist mechanisms that appear to see and hear pretty well, and chatbots that appear to have some impressive linguistic ability. But there is a serious problem. The mechanisms that can distinguish pictures of cats from pictures of dogs have no idea what a cat or a dog is. The chatbots have no idea what they are talking about. The algebraic systems do not understand anything about the real physical world. And no deontic logic system has any idea about feelings and morality. So what is the problem? We generally do not know how to combine systems so that a system that knows how to solve problems of class A and another system that knows how to solve problems of class B can be combined to solve not just problems of class A or class B but can solve problems that require both skills that are needed for problems of class A and skills that are needed for problems of class B. Perhaps this is partly a problem of plumbing. We do not have linguistic structures that facilitate discovering and building combinations. This is a fundamental challenge for the programming-language community. We need appropriate ideas for abstract plumbing fittings that enable this kind of cooperation among disparate mechanisms. For example, why is the amazingly powerful tree exploration mechanism that is used for games not also available, in the same system, to a deductive engine that is being applied to a social interaction problem? I will attempt to elucidate this problem and perhaps point at avenues of attack that we may work on together. ##### Gradual, Multi-Lingual, and Teacher-Centric Programming Education -- Felienne Hermans, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Nederlands (tba) Programme Chair ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Stefan Monnier, DIRO, Université de Montréal, Canada Programme Committee ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Mark Evenson, not.org, Austria Marco Heisig, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany Ioanna Dimitriou, Igalia S.L., Germany Robert Smith, HRL Laboratories Mattias Engdegård Marc Feeley, Université de Montréal, Canada Marc Battyani, FractalConcept Alan Ruttenberg, National Center for Ontological Research, USA Nick Levine, Ravenbrook Ltd, UK Ludovic Courtès, Inria, France Matthew Flatt, University of Utah, USA Irène Durand, Université Bordeaux 1, France Jay McCarthy, Brigham Young University, USA Ambrose Bonnaire-Sergeant, Cisco Christopher League, Long Island University, NY, USA Pascal Costanza, Intel, Belgium Christian Queinnec Local Chair ~~~~~~~~~~~ Breanndán Ó Nualláin, Machine Learning Programs, Nederlands -- Resistance is futile. You will be jazzimilated. Lisp, Jazz, Aïkido: http://www.didierverna.info

1 0

Paper published in Information & Computation
by Uli Fahrenberg 05 Mar '23

05 Mar '23

The following paper has been published in Information & Computation: Posets With Interfaces as a Model for Concurrency Uli Fahrenberg, Christian Johansen, Georg Struth, Krzysztof Ziemiański We introduce posets with interfaces (iposets) and generalise their standard serial composition to a new gluing composition. In the partial order semantics of concurrency, interfaces and gluing allow modelling events that extend in time and across components. Alternativelytaking a decompositional view, interfaces allow cutting through events, while serial composition may only cut through edges of a poset. We show that iposets under gluing composition form a category, which generalises the monoid of posets under serial composition up to isomorphism. They form a 2-category when a subsumption order and a lax tensor in the form of a non-commutative parallel composition are added, which generalises the interchange monoids used for modelling series-parallel posets. We also study the gluing-parallel hierarchy of iposets, which generalises the standard series-parallel one. The class of gluing-parallel iposets contains that of series-parallel posets and the class of interval orders, which are well studied in concurrency theory, too. We also show that it is strictly contained in the class of all iposets by identifying several forbidden substructures. https://www.lrde.epita.fr/wiki/Publications/fahrenberg.22.iandc

1 2

Paper accepted at FM 2023: Energy Problems in Finite and Timed Automata with Büchi Conditions
by Uli Fahrenberg 05 Mar '23

05 Mar '23

We are happy to announce that the following article has been accepted at the he 25th International Symposium on Formal Methods (FM 2023) to be held in Lübeck in March 2023: Energy Problems in Finite and Timed Automata with Büchi Conditions Sven Dziadek, Uli Fahrenberg and Philipp Schlehuber-Caissier Abstract: We show how to efficiently solve energy Büchi problems in finite weighted Büchi automata and in one-clock weighted timed Büchi automata; all our algorithms are implemented in a pipeline based on TChecker and Spot. Solving the latter problem is done by using the corner-point abstraction; the former problem is handled by a modified version of Bellman-Ford interleaved with Couvreur's algorithm. The paper is available at https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.04392

1 1

[CfP] 16th European Lisp Symposium, April 24-25, Amsterdam
by Didier Verna 02 Feb '23

02 Feb '23

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 16th European Lisp Symposium Call for Papers April 24-25, 2023 Startup Village, Amsterdam, Nederlands https://www.european-lisp-symposium.org/2023 Sponsored by EPITA, DIRO, MLPrograms, Franz Inc., and SISCOG ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Recent News ~~~~~~~~~~~ First keynote speaker announced: Gerald Jay Sussman, MIT, MA, USA Important Dates ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - Submission deadline: February 26, 2023 - Author notification: March 26, 2023 - Final papers due: April 9, 2023 - Symposium: April 24-25, 2023 Scope ~~~~~ The European Lisp Symposium is a premier forum for the discussion and dissemination of all aspects of design, implementation, and application of any of the Lisp dialects, including Common Lisp, Scheme, Emacs Lisp, Clojure, Racket, ACL2, AutoLisp, ISLISP, Dylan, SKILL, Hy, Shen, Carp, Janet, uLisp, Picolisp, Gamelisp, TXR, and so on. We encourage everyone interested in Lisp to participate. The European Lisp Symposium invites high quality papers about novel research results, insights and lessons learned from practical applications, and educational perspectives. We also encourage submissions about known ideas as long as they are presented in a new setting and/or in a highly elegant way. Topics include but are not limited to: - context-, aspect-, domain-oriented and generative programming - macro-, reflective-, meta- and/or rule-based development approaches - language design and implementation - language integration, inter-operation, and deployment - development methodologies, support, and environments - educational approaches and perspectives - experience reports and case studies Technical Program ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ We invite submissions in the following forms. * Papers: technical papers of up to 8 pages that describe original results or explain known ideas in new and elegant ways. * Experience reports: papers of up to 6 pages describing a successful use of a Lisp dialect and/or analyzing obstacles that have kept it from working in practice. * Tutorials: abstracts of up to 4 pages for in-depth presentations about topics of special interest. * Demonstrations: abstracts of up to 4 pages for demonstrations of tools, libraries, and applications. All submissions should be formatted following the ACM SIGS guidelines and include ACM Computing Classification System 2012 concepts and terms. Submissions should be uploaded to Easy Chair, at the following link http://www.easychair.org/conferences/?conf=els2023. Note: to help us with the review process please indicate the type of submission by entering either "paper", "demo", or "tutorial" in the Keywords field. Programme Chair ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Stefan Monnier, DIRO, Université de Montréal, Canada Programme Committee ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Stefan Monnier, Université de Montréal, Canada Mark Evenson, RavenPack Marco Heisig, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany Ioanna Dimitriou, Igalia S.L., Spain, Germany Robert Smith Mattias Engdegård Marc Feeley, Université de Montréal, Canada Marc Battyani, FractalConcept Alan Ruttenberg, National Center for Ontological Research, USA Nick Levine, Ravenbrook Ltd, UK Ludovic Courtès, Inria, France Matthew Flatt, University of Utah, USA Irène Durand, Université Bordeaux 1, France Jay McCarthy, Brigham Young University, USA Ambrose Bonnaire-Sergeant, Cisco Christopher League, Long Island University, NY, USA Local Chair ~~~~~~~~~~~ Breanndán Ó Nualláin, Machine Learning Programs, Nederlands -- Resistance is futile. You will be jazzimilated. Lisp, Jazz, Aïkido: http://www.didierverna.info

1 0

LITES Journal Special Issue on Distributed Hybrid Systems
by Uli Fahrenberg 07 Dec '22

07 Dec '22

I am happy to announce the appearance today of a special issue of the Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems dedicated to distributed hybrid systems and edited by Alessandro Abate, Martin Fränzle and myself: https://ojs.dagstuhl.de/index.php/lites/issue/view/lites-v008-i002 Foreword abstract: This special issue contains seven papers within the broad subject of Distributed Hybrid Systems, that is, systems combining hybrid discrete-continuous state spaces with elements of concurrency and logical or spatial distribution. It follows up on several workshops on the same theme which were held between 2017 and 2019 and organized by the editors of this volume. The first of these workshops was held in Aalborg, Denmark, in August 2017 and associated with the MFCS conference. It featured invited talks by Alessandro Abate, Martin Fränzle, Kim G.~Larsen, Martin Raussen, and Rafael Wisniewski. The second workshop was held in Palaiseau, France, in July 2018, with invited talks by Luc Jaulin, Thao Dang, Lisbeth Fajstrup, Emmanuel Ledinot, and André Platzer. The third workshop was held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in August 2019, associated with the CONCUR conference. It featured a special theme on distributed robotics and had invited talks by Majid Zamani, Hervé de Forges, and Xavier Urbain. The vision and purpose of the DHS workshops was to connect researchers working in real-time systems, hybrid systems, control theory, formal verification, distributed computing, and concurrency theory, in order to advance the subject of distributed hybrid systems. Such systems are abundant and often safety-critical, but ensuring their correct functioning can in general be challenging. The investigation of their dynamics by analysis tools from the aforementioned domains remains fragmentary, providing the rationale behind the workshops: it was conceived that convergence and interaction of theories, methods, and tools from these different areas was needed in order to advance the subject.

1 0

[CfP] ELS 2023, 16th European Lisp Symposium, April 24-25, Amsterdam
by Didier Verna 06 Dec '22

06 Dec '22

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 16th European Lisp Symposium Call for Papers April 24-25, 2023 Startup Village, Amsterdam, Nederlands https://www.european-lisp-symposium.org/2023 Sponsored by EPITA and DIRO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Important Dates ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - Submission deadline: February 26, 2023 - Author notification: March 26, 2023 - Final papers due: April 9, 2023 - Symposium: April 24-25, 2023 Scope ~~~~~ The European Lisp Symposium is a premier forum for the discussion and dissemination of all aspects of design, implementation and application of any of the Lisp dialects, including Common Lisp, Scheme, Emacs Lisp, Clojure, Racket, ACL2, AutoLisp, ISLISP, Dylan, SKILL, Hy, Shen, Carp, Janet, uLisp, Picolisp, Gamelisp, TXR, and so on. We encourage everyone interested in Lisp to participate. The European Lisp Symposium invites high quality papers about novel research results, insights and lessons learned from practical applications, and educational perspectives. We also encourage submissions about known ideas as long as they are presented in a new setting and/or in a highly elegant way. Topics include but are not limited to: - context-, aspect-, domain-oriented and generative programming - macro-, reflective-, meta- and/or rule-based development approaches - language design and implementation - language integration, inter-operation and deployment - development methodologies, support and environments - educational approaches and perspectives - experience reports and case studies Technical Program ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ We invite submissions in the following forms. * Papers: technical papers of up to 8 pages that describe original results or explain known ideas in new and elegant ways. * Demonstrations: abstracts of up to 4 pages for demonstrations of tools, libraries, and applications. * Tutorials: abstracts of up to 4 pages for in-depth presentations about topics of special interest. All submissions should be formatted following the ACM SIGS guidelines and include ACM Computing Classification System 2012 concepts and terms. Submissions should be uploaded to Easy Chair, at the following link http://www.easychair.org/conferences/?conf=els2023. Note: to help us with the review process please indicate the type of submission by entering either "paper", "demo", or "tutorial" in the Keywords field. Programme Chair ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Stefan Monnier, DIRO, Université de Montréal Canada Programme Committee ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TBA Local Chair ~~~~~~~~~~~ Breanndán Ó Nualláin, Machine Learning Programs, Nederlands -- Resistance is futile. You will be jazzimilated. Lisp, Jazz, Aïkido: http://www.didierverna.info

1 0

ELS 2023 is on track!
by Didier Verna 29 Nov '22

29 Nov '22

Dear collegues, I'm happy to announce that ELS 2023, the 16th European Lisp Symposium will be held in Amsterdam (and online) on April 24-25! A preliminary call for papers will follow soon. Stay tuned for updates. Best, -- Resistance is futile. You will be jazzimilated. Lisp, Jazz, Aïkido: http://www.didierverna.info

1 0

Papiers acceptés
by Souheib Baarir 04 Nov '22

04 Nov '22

Hi every one, I'm happy to annonce the publication of the following papers : 1) In SETTA'2022 Title : Diversifying a parallel SAT solver with Bayesian Moment Matching Authors : V. Vallade, S.Nejati, J.Sopena, V. Ganesh and S. Baarir Abstract : In this paper, we present a Bayesian Moment Matching (BMM) in-processing technique for Conflict-Driven Clause-Learning (CDCL) SAT solvers. BMM is a probabilistic algorithm which takes as input a Boolean formula in conjunctive normal form and a prior on a possible satisfying assignment, and outputs a posterior for a new assignment most likely to maximize the number of satisfied clauses. We invoke this BMM method, as an in-processing technique, with the goal of updating the polarity and branching activity scores. The key insight underpinning our method is that Bayesian reasoning is a powerful way to guide the CDCL search procedure away from fruitless parts of the search space of a satisfiable Boolean formula, and towards those regions that are likely to contain satisfying assignments. 2) In VMCAI'2023 Title : CosySEL: Improving SAT Solving Using Local Symmetries Authors : S. Saouli , S. Baarir , C. Dutheillet and J. Devriendt Abstract : Many satisfiability problems exhibit symmetry properties. Thus, the development of symmetry exploitation techniques seems a natural way to try to improve the efficiency of solvers by preventing them from exploring isomorphic parts of the search space. These techniques can be classified into two categories: dynamic and static symmetry breaking. Static approaches have often appeared to be more effective than dynamic ones. But although these approaches can be considered as complementary, very few works have tried to combine them. In this paper, we present a new tool, CosySEL, that implements a composition of the static Effective Symmetry Breaking Predicates (esbp) technique with the dynamic Symmetric Explanation Learning (sel). esbp exploits symmetries to prune the search tree and sel uses symmetries to speed up the tree traversal. These two accelerations are complementary and their combination was made possible by the introduction of Local symmetries. We conduct our experiments on instances issued from the last ten sat competitions and the results show that our tool outperforms the existing tools on highly symmetrical problems See you, Souheib.

1 0

Soutenance de thèse de Michaël Roynard
by Michaël Roynard 26 Oct '22

26 Oct '22

Bonjour, J'ai l'honneur et le plaisir de vous inviter à ma soutenance de thèse intitulée "Programmation Générique en C++ Moderne pour le traitement d'image" qui aura lieu vendredi 04 novembre à 9h30 en Amphi 0 (Bâtiment Voltaire au rdc). Vous êtes également convié à prendre un pot qui aura lieu après la soutenance (en salle apprentissage 1 dans le bâtiment Paritalie au 3ème étage). Membres du jury --------- Rapporteurs: Pr. Benjamin Perret ESIEE / LIGM / Universié Gustave Eiffel Pr. Pascale Le Gall CentraleSupélec / Université Paris Saclay Examinateurs: Pr. Hugues Talbot CentraleSupélec / Université Paris Saclay Pr. Laurent Najman ESIEE / LIGM / Universié Gustave Eiffel Dr. Camille Kurtz LIPADE / SIP Lab / Université Paris Cité Dr. Joël Falcou LRI / Universié Paris Saclay Directeur de thèse: Pr. Thierry Géraud LRE / EPITA Encadrant: Dr. Edwin Carlinet LRE / EPITA --------- Résumé: --------- C++ est un langage de programmation multiparadigme qui permet au développeur initié de mettre au point des algorithmes de traitement d'images. La force de langage se base sur plusieurs aspects. C++ est haut-niveau, cela signifie qu'il est possible de développer des abstractions puissantes mélangeant plusieurs styles de programmation pour faciliter le développement. En même temps, C++ reste bas-niveau et peut pleinement tirer partie du matériel pour fournir un maximum de performances. Il est aussi portable et très compatible ce qui lui permet de se brancher à d'autres langages de haut niveau pour le prototypage rapide tel que Python ou Matlab. Un des aspects les plus fondamentaux où le C++ brille, c'est la programmation générique. La programmation générique rend possible le développement et la réutilisation de briques logiciel comme des objets (images) de différentes natures (types) sans avoir de perte au niveau performance. Néanmoins, il n'est pas trivial de concilier les aspects de généricité, de performance et de simplicité d'utilisation. Le C++ moderne (post-2011) amène de nouvelles fonctionnalités qui le rendent plus simple et plus puissant. Dans cette thèse, nous explorons en premier un aspect particulier du C++20 : les concepts, dans le but de construire une taxonomie des types relatifs au traitement d'images. Deuxièmement, nous explorons une autre fonctionnalité ajoutée au C++20 : les ranges (et les vues). Nous appliquons ce design aux algorithmes de traitement d'images et aux types d'image, dans le but résoudre les problèmes liés, notamment, à la difficulté qu'il existe pour customiser les algorithmes de traitement d'image. Enfin, nous explorons les possibilités concernant la façon dont il est possible de construire un pont entre du code C++ générique statique (compile-time) et du code Python dynamique (runtime). Nous fournissons une solution hybride et nous mesurons ses performances. Nous discutons aussi les pistes qui peuvent être explorées dans le futur, notamment celles qui concernent les technologies JIT. Étant donné ces trois axes, nous voulons résoudre le problème concernant la conciliation des aspects de généricité, de performance et de simplicité d'utilisation. --------- Abstract: --------- C++ is a multi-paradigm language that enables the initiated programmer to set up efficient image processing algorithms. This language strength comes from several aspects. C++ is high-level, which enables developing powerful abstractions and mixing different programming styles to ease the development. At the same time, C++ is low-level and can fully take advantage of the hardware to deliver the best performance. It is also very portable and highly compatible which allows algorithms to be called from high-level, fast-prototyping languages such as Python or Matlab. One of the most fundamental aspects where C++ really shines is generic programming. Generic programming makes it possible to develop and reuse bricks of software on objects (images) of different natures (types) without performance loss. Nevertheless, conciliating the aspects of genericity, efficiency, and simplicity is not trivial. Modern C++ (post-2011) has brought new features that made the language simpler and more powerful. In this thesis, we first explore one particular C++20 aspect: the concepts, in order to build a concrete taxonomy of image related types and algorithms. Second, we explore another addition to C++20, ranges (and views), and we apply this design to image processing algorithms and image types in order to solve issues such as how hard it is to customize/tweak image processing algorithms. Finally, we explore possibilities regarding how we can offer a bridge between static (compile-time) generic C++ code and dynamic (runtime) Python code. We offer our own hybrid solution and benchmark its performance as well as discuss what can be done in the future with JIT technologies. Considering those three axes, we will address the issue regarding the way to conciliate generic programming, efficiency and ease of use. --------- En espérant vous voir nombreux. A bientôt, -- Michaël ROYNARD PhD Student EPITA/LRE

1 0